See how filling 2D seismic gaps turns into 3D uncertainty
Probabilistic Ground Modelling for Offshore Windfarm Sites Based on Geostatistical Simulation
Sparse 2D seismic data leave gaps that deterministic interpolation can't fill. This study builds a 3D probabilistic ground model instead from multiple geostatistical realizations.
Authors L. Siemann (1) and R. Relanez (1)
(1) Fraunhofer IWES
Probabilistic Ground Modelling for Offshore Windfarm Sites Based on Geostatistical Simulation
European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 87th EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition, Jun 2026, Volume 2026, p.1 – 5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2026101515
Abstract
Ground modelling is a critical component of offshore wind farm development, as it supports in the design and planning of associated offshore infrastructure. A detailed understanding of subsurface conditions is essential to reduce risks in subsequent project stages, particularly during the installation of support structures. Although 3D seismic surveys are gaining importance, site characterization for offshore wind farms still relies predominantly on 2D seismic data. This dependence results in spatial gaps between interpreted seismic lines, which are typically filled by simple interpolation when constructing 3D ground models, without explicit consideration of uncertainty. Such deterministic approaches are problematic in geologically heterogeneous settings, where a single model realization may not adequately represent the true subsurface. Consequently, explicit uncertainty quantification is required to improve ground modelling and provide a more robust basis for decision-making beyond the acquired seismic lines.
In this study, probabilistic unit boundaries are derived from multiple, equally plausible realizations generated using geostatistical simulation. From the simulation a three-dimension probabilistic ground model is constructed defining spatial uncertainty of layer boundaries. The approach is demonstrated using publicly available data from an offshore wind farm site in the German North Sea.